![]() J.The other day I was drawing an angelic figure that was derived from my imagination and today I will be showing you " how to draw a dark angel", step by step. Cupido ⇒ dochter: Wilhelmina Cupido⇒ kleinkind: 5 Maurits D. ![]() Hehl – Hehl – Dubois – Coenraad – Krancher – Steinbrenner – Szaszkiewicz
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There is no good reason for them to have an energy drink and stay awake. “If a kid is tired, they should sleep,” he says. Sankararaman has a simple answer: Encourage sleep hygiene. “But because of their high caffeine content, young consumers can easily get into trouble.”įor parents and kids who claim they need energy drinks to keep up with their school schedule, Dr. “Because energy drinks are available everywhere and so popular, there’s the belief that they’re OK to drink,” he says. Long distance commercial drivers who consume caffeinated substances such as coffee or energy drinks, to stay awake while driving, are significantly less. The increased use of energy drinks is an alarming trend, Dr. “Public education can begin through primary care visits for routine care, too, as only about half of the clinicians provide regular counseling to adolescents on energy drink consumption.” Concerning Trend “Some countries have banned these drinks for kids some have an explicit warning on the label that it should not be mixed with alcohol and that they have high caffeine content,” he says. Sankararaman argues that tighter regulation of energy drinks is urgently needed, as they are not stringently regulated compared with caffeinated soft drinks. A significant number of adolescent energy drink consumers exceed the recommended amount for adults of no more than two energy drinks per day.The energy drink market is the fastest-growing segment of the beverage industry, and marketing for these drinks is mainly targeted to teens and young adults.Achieving a “wide-awake drunk” state can lead to binge drinking and driving while intoxicated. Combining energy drinks with alcohol is widely prevalent, especially among young adults.Using energy drinks in early adolescence may be a harbinger for increased risk of alcohol use later in life.Chronic energy drink use is associated with increased stress, decreased sleep, anxiety and depression. Best Energy Drink to Stay Awake While Driving EarlyBird is definitely the best energy drink to stay awake while driving long distances.Some studies also have reported serious events such as a seizures, stroke, suicidal ideation, hallucinations, manic psychosis, arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, aneurysm, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest related to energy drink consumption. ![]() ![]()
![]() If you are adding vegetables, let them simmer and cook till soft – this will guarantee a more delicious sauce. I would not recommend adding too much vegetables though, as it will take away from the meaty flavour. Some vegetables to use would be potatoes, zucchinis and carrots. You can level it up by adding some vegetables to it! The vegetables can bump up the flavours of your Jjajangmyeon while adding some nutrition to it. This recipe is the best because it’s basic, and uses the most minimal ingredients to get to the final dish! I made a Kung Pao Chicken Noodle here which uses Chinese black bean paste right here. Check the packaging to make sure.Ĭhunjang is a uniquely umami paste – I might even venture to say it’s an acquired taste. Some Chunjang is already pre-fried for convenience. Continuously stir so that you do not burn the chunjang. Stir fry the chunjang until fragrant for about 5 minutes, depending on the amount of chunjang you have. This is a crucial step that cannot be skipped. If you’d rather be extra careful, there are certified-Halal chunjangs these days that you can easily purchase online.ĭepending on the brand of Chunjang, it needs to be stir fried beforehand to remove any bitterness. However, some chunjangs may include alcohol as part of its ingredients list to help further the fermentation process. The main ingredient in Chunjang is soybeans, making it vegetarian, and technically Halal. Korean black bean paste IS NOT the same as Chinese black bean paste – even though Jjajangmyeon is adapted from Chinese cuisine. The main ingredient in Jajangmyeon is Chunjang, or Korean fermented black bean paste. Main Ingredient for Jjajangmyeon: Chunjang or Black Bean Paste You can cut this along with the chicken thighs as you chop it into smaller pieces it will eventually come off the chicken meat. To cook the chicken skin, slice or trim it into tiny pieces. We make full use of the chicken skin as well, and render the fats off it so it adds even more of that fatty flavour to the Jajangmyeon. Without the punch of chicken flavour, he taste of the black bean paste was overpowering.Īnother tip is to use chicken skin. The first time I experimented with Chicken Jjajangmyeon I used chicken breasts, and it wasn’t a satisfying enough flavour. If you want to be healthy, sure, you can replace this with the white meat of the chicken but trust me, it will not taste as good as when you use the dark meat. This charring will add even more flavour to the Jjajangmyeon, while allowing the fats to fully render. Let the chicken get brown and caramelise. When frying off the chicken meat, make sure to cook it thoroughly. This part of the chicken is more flavourful and juicy. Specifically the fattiest dark parts of the chicken, such as the thighs and legs. Since I do not consume pork, I alternate this with chicken! I would insist that you use the dark meat of the chicken to make this Jajangmyeon. Jajangmyeon is delicious because it has a fatty, meaty richness to it – this is all rendered from the pork belly. Jjajangmyeon is usually made with pork belly, but this recipe uses chicken, making it a fully Halal dish! The Best Meat to Use for Chicken Jjajangmyeon It’s become a dish on its own in Korea, characterised by the glossy, thick black paste. Jjajangmyeon is a Korean dish adapted from the Chinese noodle dish, Zha Jiang Mian. Toss all together and serve with spring onion greens and chilli oil or sauce.Trust me when I say this is the easiest and most flavourful Chicken Jajangmyeon (Jjajangmyeon / Jajangmyun) you will ever make! I went through many – and I mean many – renditions of Jjajangmyeon before finalising on this recipe. Pour over the stock mix, cover and cook for 5 minutes.Īdd the bean sprouts and bok choy leaves, cover and cook for a further 3 minutes. Spread the finely sliced bok choy stems evenly over the top and then the noodles, separating them as you do. Once the bottoms are turning golden, flip them over. Take dessert spoon-sized portions of mince and form into rough meatballs, then add to the pan and cook without moving for about 2 minutes. In a jug, mix together the soy, black bean and oyster sauces, black vinegar and stock. In a bowl, mix together the pork mince, garlic, ginger, spring onion whites and coriander with a pinch of salt. I have purposely not added any spicy heat to make the noodles family friendly, so add heat to individual taste with chilli oil or chilli sauce such as sriracha. Pork mince holds together well and beef is also fine, but chicken mince tends to fall apart – although it still tastes great. They also need to be quite separate, not tightly clumped, when dry – I find dry udon are perfect. For this recipe you need to use noodles that will cook in about 7-8 minutes (if they cook more quickly they will lose texture). ![]() SanDisk mobile storage: 64GB microSD $18, 128GB Lightning flash drive $90, 200GB Wi-Fi flash drive $100, more Samsung Smart TVs w/ 4 HDMI Inputs: 60-inch 4K $949 (Reg. Philips Friends of hue LightStrip Luminaire Starter Kit: $100 shipped (Reg. $130+)Īpple offers Day One 2 iOS journal app for free ($10 value) App Store Free App of the Week: Motorsport Manager goes free for the first time ($2 value)īuy a refurbished Apple AirPort Express Wi-Fi router w/ 1-yr warranty for $49 shipped (Orig. Gold Box: 60% off Anker products: 60W 10-USB Charger: $30, Desk Lamp $30, Waterproof BT speaker: $23, batteries, moreĭaily Deals: Adobe Photoshop Elements 14 (DVD or Download) $45, Toshiba 13.3-inch Chromebook 2 (Refurb) $165, more Home: Chamberlain Garage Door Opener from $153 (Reg.Sports/Fitness: FitDesk v2.0 Exercise Bike Desk $205 (Reg.Funko Pop Figures: Heavy Artillery First Order Stormtrooper $8 (Reg.Klipsch X4i In-Ear Headphones for iPhone $60 shipped (Orig. ![]() The Kuvée smart wine bottle brings the Internet of Things to grapes near you.Printers w/ AirPrint: Samsung Xpress Color Laser: $100 (Reg.MacID for iOS: Unlock your Mac with your iPhone/Apple Watch for $1 (Reg.eBay 5-hour sale extra $25 off $125 or more: WD 3TB USB 3.0 Portable Hard Drive $100, more.Samsung SmartThings home automation devices: 2nd gen. TODAY’S CAN’T MISS DEALS: Last Call Updates: Also, be sure to check us out on: Twitter, RSS Feed, Facebook, Google+ and Safari push notifications. Keep up with the best gear and deals on the web by signing up for the 9to5Toys Newsletter. The gameplay is really simple, with the primary objective being to reduce the score of cards by swapping the cards in front of you with lesser value cards from the draw pile (stockpile). The arrangement of the cards remains the same throughout the game, with each player having six cards in front of them at all times. The top-most card of the stockpile is placed face-up beside it to form the discard pile.Įach player arranges their cards in two piles of three cards each in front of them and flips any two cards face up. The remaining cards are placed on the table, face-down, to form a stockpile. The players are dealt six cards each, face-down, from the shuffled deck. If the game includes four or more players, it is played with a double-deck of 104 cards. If the game is played between two or three players, a standard deck of 52 cards is used. The game ends when a player’s entire layout is placed face-up. ![]() The second ending method is often used in the 6-card golf game and larger layouts where a new card is placed face-up every time a layout card is replaced.This action ends the play after other players have played their turn. The first ending method is often used in the 4-card golf game, where if you feel you have the lowest score, you can knock in your next turn instead of drawing to replace a card.The significant difference between all these variations lies in the ending of the game, which is as follows: The 4-card golf and 6-card golf are the popular variations of this game. This game has various forms – 4-card golf, 6-card golf, 8-card golf, 9-card golf, and 10-card golf. The scores at the end of 9 deals (or sometimes 18) represent the number of strokes taken to play a golf hole, and the player with the lowest score wins the game. The goal is to make the layout scoring as low as possible. ![]() In the draw and discard game of golf, the players have a layout of face-down cards, which can be replaced by cards drawn from the stockpile or discard pile. Sounds interesting? Go on and learn the golf card game rules and game play to include it in your next game night with family or friends.Īlso Learn: How to Play Napoleon Game? Golf Card Game Rules In fact, Golf is also one of the fun card games you can enjoy between two or more players from the comfort of your home.Īlso called Crazy Nines, Polish Poker, Polish Polka, Turtle, Hara-Kiri, the Golf card game is similar to Golf only in one way – the objective is to keep the points as low as possible through nine rounds (nine holes) to secure a win. The Golf game is not just what you may have heard up to now – you would instantly relate the golf game to Tiger Woods, huge green fields, a white ball, and golf sticks.
As of November 2019, Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad, and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad. Historically, Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe Camera RAW.Īlongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and publishes Photoshop Elements, Photoshop Lightroom, Photoshop Express, Photoshop Fix, Adobe Illustrator, and Photoshop Mix. With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June 2013 (and in turn, the change of the " CS" suffix to " CC"), Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. However, in October 2002 (following the introduction of Creative Suite branding), each new version of Photoshop was designated with " CS" plus a number e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features. ![]() In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics (especially through clipping path for the latter), as well as 3D graphics and video. Photoshop uses its own PSD and PSB file formats to support these features. Photoshop can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports masks, alpha compositing and several color models. "to photoshop an image", " photoshopping", and " photoshop contest") although Adobe discourages such use. The software's name is often colloquially used as a verb (e.g. Since then, the software has become the most used tool for professional digital art, especially in raster graphics editing. It was originally created in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll. If you're more confident in high-level photo editing, you can tweak and edit the tools, and with a little effort the results can be amazing.Īs mentioned, if you don't have access to Adobe's software, Fluid Mask 3.2 also comes with a standalone editor for using its tools, although it works best as a plug-in for the more advanced package.American English, British English, Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Turkish and UkrainianĪdobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. Image segmentation, edge blending and other complex masking techniques can be implemented easily.Ī handy Tip pane gives you in-depth information about every tool you click on, without being patronising or obstructing your work with annoying pop-up windows. ![]() ![]() One of the great things about Fluid Mask 3.2 is that you don't need to be a professional artist to use its powerful tools. With care and attention, even fine hairs can be identified and busy backgrounds removed. This was easily rectified by drawing a line with the Forced Edge tool through the selection, dividing it along the edges of the objects. The Network also partnered with Fusion TV in a deal that falls under the corporate umbrella of The Walt Disney Company. In December 2015, the company became a subsidiary of Disney Consumer Products and the Disney Interactive division of The Walt Disney Company. In 2014, Jukin Media partnered with Maker Studios, giving Maker Studios access to Jukin's library of video clips, and giving Jukin access to Maker's operational resources, The partnership also resulted in the launch of a dedicated website for FailArmy, Jukin's owned and operated entertainment brand. On April 14, 2014, Relativity Media submitted a competing bid of up to $1.1 billion, but Maker denied the bid. agreed to sell itself to The Walt Disney Company for $500 million, rising to $950 million if financial milestones were met. In December 2012, Maker announced that it had closed a $36 million round of financing led by Time Warner Investments. This was one of the first such publicized contract disputes between a YouTube content creator and their multi-channel network. Zappin later publicly admitted to this claim. He also claimed that Maker Studios CEO, Danny Zappin, is a convicted felon, which he was not made aware of, when teaming up with Maker Studios. He stated that they were using "thuggish tactics" to pressure him into signing the contract, one of which was allegedly leveraging his AdSense account for the intellectual property rights to Your Favorite Martian. Johnson has stated online that he left Maker Studios due to the pressure the company put on him into signing a contract which gave Maker a 40% share of his channel's AdSense revenue and 50% of his show's intellectual property rights. Johnson also formed his own production studio, Runaway Machine (formerly Runaway Planet). In October 2012, Johnson announced he would be leaving Maker Studios in an episode of Equals Three. Maker Studios formerly produced Johnson's Equals Three and Your Favorite Martian series. 2012–2013: Ray William Johnson dispute įrom late 2012 through 2013, Maker Studios and Ray William Johnson were involved in a public feud that received considerable media attention. However, since that time, according to comScore, in December 2012, Fullscreen passed Maker to become the top ranked YouTube-based network. In October 2012, Maker Studios surpassed Machinima to become the number one independent YouTube network. At the time, YouTube channels under Maker Studios collectively earned over 90 million subscribers. In June 2012, Maker Studios announced that over 1,000 channels signed under the network have received and accumulated over 1.1 billion views for the month of June 2012. The logo of Maker Studios 2009–2012: Foundation and early years įollowing the Disney acquisition, the company suffered multiple rounds of layoffs, executive shuffling, and partner cut-offs. An Asian hub had been established in Singapore, which offered limited commercial and marketing support before the company was sold to The Walt Disney Company. Ran by René Rechtman (who now runs Moonbug Entertainment), president for the international division, Maker had plans to build a headquarters in London for its commercial, production and marketing activities outside the USA. Outside the United States, the former Maker Studios had significant audiences in the United Kingdom, Brazil and Australia, and was aiming to expand its Asian operations, where it once had 700 million monthly unique views. Maker Studios was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2014 for $500 million, and was absorbed into the newly formed Disney Digital Network in 2017. ![]() It was originally the successor to Maker Studios, co-founded by Lisa Donovan, Danny Zappin, Scott Katz, Kassem Gharaibeh, Shay Carl, Rawn Erickson II, Ben Donovan, and Philip DeFranco in 2009. ![]() com (Redirects to )ĭisney Digital Network was an American multi-channel network located in Culver City, California. Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution The game isnt so much an actual sequel, but more of a follow-up game that. Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan View source Game Info Developer Artifex Mundi Publisher Artifex Mundi Platform PC, Mac Release Date Game Type Casual, HOP Genre Mystery, Adventure Series Grim Legends Grim Legends: Song of the Dark Swan is the 2nd installment of Grim Legends Series by Artifex Mundi. Here the player will have to save the young queen from deadly problems that can change the fate of the entire kingdom. The protagonist finds himself in a mysterious and mysterious world full of ancient ruins, magical forests and imposing castles. The queen is accused of practicing dark magic and thrown into the prison tower. Grim Legends 2: Song of the Black Swan will immerse the user in a dangerous puzzle quest. The Healer’s quest takes a sudden turn when the infant prince vanishes under mysterious circumstances. 이 중 한국어를 공식 지원하는 게임은 Yonder: The Cloud Catcher Chronicles, Townscaper, Winkeltje: The Little Shop, Luna's Fishing Garden 이렇게 총 4개입니다.ġ. Grim Legends 2 Artifex Mundi brings us Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan. Save the feuding kingdoms When a mysterious illness befalls the queen of the Eagle Kingdom, a famous healer is summoned to Eagle Castle to examine her. Description Song of the Dark Swan is the follow-up to Grim Legends: The Forsaken Bride.Just like the original title it is an adventure game with puzzles combined with hidden object gameplay. ![]() If a dark tale of magic and mystery is up your alley, grab your alchemy kit and dive in.$10 이상 결제시 8개의 게임을 모두 받습니다. Its puzzles are clever, it’s mini-games original, its hidden object scenes interactive and interesting, and its challenge level perfectly tuned to keep you enchanted. Grim Legends: Song of the Dark Swan is a brilliant brew of elements. ![]() Boat crash in the pond? Better start swimming! These bouts of excitement sometimes lead to new animal companions, little friends who travel with you and perform various tricks when nothing else seems to work. Like its predecessor Grim Legends: The Forsaken Bride, Song of the Dark Swan isn’t afraid to add tense action scenes to cut through the starch of a hidden object experience. Pictures of the item fragments rest at the bottom of the screen, all you have to do is locate the shards and click to slowly put them together. Each area is filled with the usual amount of clutter, everything from magical items to things that are probably ordinary in a world like this, such as pieces of fish statues or glowing mushrooms. Hidden object scenes are a surprisingly interactive affair. Select Song of the Dark Swan on Expert difficulty. Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan (Full) 12+ Artifex Mundi S.A. Putting it in perspective though, it’s one that never exceeds. To make a sleeping potion at the beginning of the game, for example, you’ll mix liquids and cook everything just right before pouring it into a goblet and delivering it to your patient. Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan Song of the Dark Swan. Solely judging it on its own merits, there’s no doubt Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan provides a good overall experience. All the latest and hottest Grim Legends 2: Song of the Dark Swan news and rumors. Since you’re a healer and all, you’ve got the skills necessary to brew different tonics for a variety of purposes. You’ll find a handful of standard games like string puzzles or tile arranging riddles, but you’ll also bump into creative diversions like the potion mixing game. Mini-game variety is one of Grim Legends’ strong points. All of this is couched in a creatively illustrated world that’s just as surreal as it is creepy. There are generous helpings of each, allowing you to explore and collect items, hunt for objects in crowded scenes, and even take a break to solve unique mini-games from time to time. ![]() Grim Legends: Song of the Dark Swan balances itself between the worlds of hidden object and adventure games. Looks like you’ll have to be a detective as well as a healer. As soon as you arrive at the castle, however, a mysterious light envelopes her room and the young prince vanishes. You play the role of a healer charged with diagnosing (and hopefully curing) the queen’s inability to speak. One part alchemy and one part supernatural adventure, Grim Legends: Song of the Dark Swan is a fantasy themed hidden object game that spins a surreal tale from beginning to end. FANTASTIC HIDDEN OBJECT PUZZLE ADVENTURE GAME FROM THE CREATORS OF ENIGMATIS AND GRIM LEGENDS Embark on a dangerous quest through mysterious ruins and magical woods in the second chapter of Grim Legends series. Some of the dialogue is a little awkward. Game Consoles Xbox 360, Xbox 360 HD, Xbox One, PS5, PS4, PS3, etc. Optimage uses novel perceptual metrics and improved encoders to reduce image size by up to 90 without losing visual quality. ![]() You can define your own resolution, frame rate, CRF, Bitrate and more. Applications QuickTime, iMovie, iTunes, Photos, Final Cut Pro, etc. All-in-one super video converter for Mac to convert 8K/5K/4K videos to over 500 formats, rip DVDs to MPG lossless and ISO file/folder, edit video effects. Whether youre using Mac or Windows, iPhone or Android - you can compress your. Mobile Phones and Tablets Pixel, Motorola, Samsung Galaxy, Sony Xperia, LG, Huawei, OnePlus, ZTE, Xiaomi, Vivo, OPPO, Apple iPad, Microsoft Surface, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Amazon Kindle Fire, ASUS Transformer, Motorola Xoom, Blackberry Playbook, Google Nexus 7, HP TouchPad, HTC Flyer/ EVO View/ Jetstream, PanDigital, Le Pan, Coby Kyros, Toshiba Thrive, Dell Streak, etc. DVDVideoSoft Free Video Converter Top 4 Professional Video Converters 1. ![]() Supported Output Devices and Applications Apple Devices iPhone 13 lines, iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro, iPhone 12 Pro Max, iPhone 11 Pro Max, iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11, iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, iPhone XR, iPhone X, iPhone 8 (Plus), iPhone 7 (Plus), iPhone SE, iPhone 6s (Plus), iPhone 6 (Plus), iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad Mini 4, iPad Mini 3, iPad Mini 2, iPad Mini 1, iPod Nano, iPod Classic, iPod Touch, iPod Touch 4, iPod Touch 4 HD, Apple TV (HD), Apple TV 2, iMovie, Final Cut Express, Final Cut Pro, etc. ![]() The mechanisms employed by plant-beneficial microorganisms to promote growth are involved in various ways. Many plant-associated microorganisms can benefit plant health by positively influencing plant physiology, development, and environmental adaptation. The interactions between plants and their beneficial fungi, especially endosphere and rhizosphere microbes, are regarded as promising strategies to stimulate plant development in adverse environments such as saline lands and heavy metal-contaminated lands. Generally, breeding approaches or transgenic technologies could assist plant development and improve their drought tolerance, but enhancement of mulberry drought resistance by these strategies may be restricted due to limited information on genetic variability and time consumption. The unfavorable environmental conditions, especially drought stress, are major limiting factors for the mulberry industry, which result in an underdeveloped root system, declined survival rate, and less fruit production. However, in order to meet the increasing economic and ecological demands, many new mulberry plantations have been established in regions with poor soil, low nutrition availability, and water deficiency conditions, such as loess plateau, desertification land, and the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Large-scale mulberry plantations are traditionally located in humid areas in China since the rapid growth of mulberry trees depends on the high consumption of water. Importantly, partial secondary metabolites of mulberry fruit play crucial roles in anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, immunomodulation, anti-tumor, and anti-hyperglycemic. Mulberry fruits have a great diversity of nutritive compounds such as fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Nowadays, fruits of mulberry emerge with significant development potential considering their nutritional and medicinal values. Mulberry ( Morus L.), belonging to the Moraceae family, has a long history in Asia for economical uses in silkworm cultivation and Chinese medicine supply. Moreover, plants also evolve a series of stress signaling pathways and produce some organic osmolytes (e.g., proline, glycine betaine, and polyamines) and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in drought stress conditions, all of which can protect plant cells from osmotic stresses and scavenge reactive oxygen species accumulation. For instance, plants usually enhance their primary root growth but inhibit lateral root growth, which helps plants acquire water from deep soils. To adapt to drought stress, plants develop various strategies to balance their growth and stress responses. Deficiency of water within plant tissues disrupts the cellular ion balance and leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, which may further destroy cellular structures, all of which may finally impede plant development. Among all abiotic stresses, drought is the chief hindering factor limiting water availability, declining water potential, and closing the stomata of plants, which finally leads to lower survival rates and productivity of plants. Collectively, these findings might provide new insights into improving mulberry drought tolerance and further boosting mulberry fruit yields by exploiting interactions between hosts and PGPF.Ībiotic stress is a growing challenge for agriculture, which may adversely result in a decline in crop growth and productivity. Additionally, the mixed suspensions of PGPF induced the production of catalase, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll, which in turn enhanced the drought tolerance of mulberry and accelerated their growth recovery after drought. Moreover, PGPF could promote iron and phosphorus absorption of mulberry as well. GS1, and Peziza was increased in the other treatments. Exogenous application of PGPF could alter fungal community structures in the rhizosphere soils, wherein Talaromyces was obviously enhanced after inoculation of Talaromyces sp. Co-cultivation assay revealed that PGPF stimulated mulberry growth, exhibiting increased biomass and length of stems and roots. GR21 were screened out due to their strong potential in plant growth promotion. In the present study, we isolated 64 fungi from well-growing mulberry trees surviving periodical drought stress, and Talaromyces sp. Application of plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) endows various plant beneficial traits to overcome adverse environmental conditions, but little is known about the effects on mulberry under drought stress. Drought stress often leads to heavy losses in mulberry planting, especially for fruits and leaves. |
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